Which organization is typically responsible for monitoring emergency signals from aircraft?

The organization that is typically responsible for monitoring emergency signals from aircraft is the Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC). These centers play a crucial role in overseeing air traffic across large regions of the airspace. When an aircraft issues an emergency signal, ARTCC personnel are trained to respond quickly and effectively. They coordinate with various other entities, including other air traffic control facilities and emergency services, to provide assistance and guidance to the aircraft in distress.

In contrast, while the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigates aviation accidents and incidents, it is not directly involved in the real-time monitoring of emergency signals. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) primarily focuses on regulating and overseeing all aspects of civil aviation, including safety and air traffic management, but it does not monitor emergency signals directly. Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC) provides communication services, but it is not responsible for the active monitoring of emergency signals; rather, it offers the infrastructure for communication between aircraft and ground stations.

Thus, the essential role of ARTCC in the immediate monitoring and response to emergency signals distinguishes it as the correct answer to the question.