What does wind shear refer to?

Wind shear refers specifically to a change in wind speed and/or direction over a short distance, which is critical to understand in aviation. It can occur either vertically or horizontally and is particularly dangerous during takeoff and landing phases of flight. This sudden change in wind characteristics can lead to significant challenges for pilots, as it affects the aircraft's lift and control during these critical phases of flight.

The phenomenon is crucial for pilots and air traffic controllers to monitor, especially in areas prone to turbulence or near mountain ranges where wind patterns can vary dramatically over short distances. The understanding of wind shear helps in making informed decisions regarding flight safety and operational procedures.