How should separation minima be applied to a non-standard formation flight?

The correct approach to applying separation minima in a non-standard formation flight is to apply them to the perimeter of the airspace. This method takes into account the unique challenges and dynamics of managing multiple aircraft flying together in a formation. By focusing on the perimeter, air traffic controllers can ensure that the aircraft remain safely distanced not just from one another, but also from other airspace users.

In formation flying, individual aircraft do not operate in isolation, making it impractical to apply the same separation criteria used for standard flight operations. Instead, treating the formation as a collective unit with boundaries allows controllers to maintain safe distances from other traffic without needing to micromanage each aircraft's position.

This approach also enhances overall air traffic management, as it maintains situational awareness for both controllers and pilots, ensuring that the formation does not inadvertently encroach upon the flight paths or airspace of other aircraft. This is essential for maintaining safety and efficiency in high-density airspace.

Using methods like adjusting beacon codes or ignoring minima altogether could lead to potential hazards, as would individually managing each aircraft in a formation. Hence, applying separation minima to the perimeter of the airspace is the most effective and safest strategy.