How does a controller manage the aircraft's navigational guidance through radar?

A controller manages the aircraft's navigational guidance through radar primarily by issuing headings as needed. This involves communicating specific headings to the pilot, which helps in directing the aircraft along a desired flight path. By providing these headings, the controller can guide the aircraft to maintain safe separation from other traffic and navigate through controlled airspace effectively.

When a controller observes an aircraft's position on radar, they can determine if adjustments are necessary for maintaining an efficient and safe trajectory. Issuing headings is a proactive approach that allows for real-time navigation adjustments, ensuring that the aircraft remains on course and avoids potential conflicts with other aircraft.

While clearances for altitude changes and audio communications are important aspects of air traffic control, they do not specifically pertain to the immediate navigational guidance provided through radar in the way that heading instructions do. Monitoring flight paths without intervention does not involve actively guiding the aircraft, which is central to the controller’s role in maintaining safe and efficient air traffic management.