GNSS capable aircraft may be cleared off an airport via what kind of route?

The correct choice indicates that GNSS capable aircraft may be cleared off an airport using a point-to-point route with published waypoints. This approach is based on the ability of GNSS systems to accurately navigate to specific predefined points, which are documented in aeronautical databases and charts.

Using published waypoints ensures that both air traffic controllers and pilots have a mutual understanding of the intended path, promoting safety and efficiency in air traffic management. Published waypoints aid in navigation and help maintain separation between aircraft, thereby minimizing the risk of conflict.

The use of point-to-point routes allows for a more structured approach to departures, as these routes are part of the airspace management system designed to facilitate organized traffic flow. Other options, such as random routes and non-published routes, may not provide the same level of safety and predictability due to a lack of common reference points and potential conflicts with other air traffic. Therefore, the selection of published waypoints is crucial for effective navigation and communication within controlled airspace.